LLM cascade systems are vulnerable to a new adversarial attack that simultaneously degrades accuracy and destroys the intended cost savings by targeting both the lightweight models and the escalation decision mechanism.
Security and privacy challenges of large language models: A survey.ACM Com- puting Surveys, 57(6):1–39, 2025
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When Efficiency Backfires: Cascading LLMs Trigger Cascade Failure under Adversarial Attack
LLM cascade systems are vulnerable to a new adversarial attack that simultaneously degrades accuracy and destroys the intended cost savings by targeting both the lightweight models and the escalation decision mechanism.