In SMEFT, the (B-L)-violating decay n → K⁺ℓ⁻ appears at dimension seven while the conserving n → K⁻ℓ⁺ requires dimension ten and is accompanied by lower-dimensional (B+L)-violating modes, so n → Kℓ without modes like p → π⁰ℓ⁺ suggests (B-L) violation.
Neutrino Masses, Grand Unification, and Baryon Number Violation
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abstract
If grand unification is real, searches for baryon-number violation should be included on the list of observables that may reveal information regarding the origin of neutrino masses. Making use of an effective-operator approach and assuming that nature is SU(5) invariant at very short distances, we estimate the consequences of different scenarios that lead to light Majorana neutrinos for low-energy phenomena that violate baryon number minus lepton number (B-L) by two (or more) units, including neutron-antineutron oscillations and B-L violating nucleon decays. We find that, among all possible effective theories of lepton-number violation that lead to nonzero neutrino masses, only a subset is, broadly speaking, consistent with grand unification.
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$n \to K\ell$ and the baryon asymmetry of the universe
In SMEFT, the (B-L)-violating decay n → K⁺ℓ⁻ appears at dimension seven while the conserving n → K⁻ℓ⁺ requires dimension ten and is accompanied by lower-dimensional (B+L)-violating modes, so n → Kℓ without modes like p → π⁰ℓ⁺ suggests (B-L) violation.