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Observation of long-range elliptic anisotropies in $\sqrt{s}=$13 and 2.76 TeV $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector

8 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 317 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.

8 Pith papers citing it
317 external citations · Pith
abstract

ATLAS has measured two-particle correlations as a function of relative azimuthal-angle, $\Delta \phi$, and pseudorapidity, $\Delta \eta$, in $\sqrt{s}$=13 and 2.76 TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC using charged particles measured in the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|$<2.5. The correlation functions evaluated in different intervals of measured charged-particle multiplicity show a multiplicity-dependent enhancement at $\Delta \phi \sim 0$ that extends over a wide range of $\Delta\eta$, which has been referred to as the "ridge". Per-trigger-particle yields, $Y(\Delta \phi)$, are measured over 2<$|\Delta\eta|$<5. For both collision energies, the $Y(\Delta \phi)$ distribution in all multiplicity intervals is found to be consistent with a linear combination of the per-trigger-particle yields measured in collisions with less than 20 reconstructed tracks, and a constant combinatoric contribution modulated by $\cos{(2\Delta \phi)}$. The fitted Fourier coefficient, $v_{2,2}$, exhibits factorization, suggesting that the ridge results from per-event $\cos{(2\phi)}$ modulation of the single-particle distribution with Fourier coefficients $v_2$. The $v_2$ values are presented as a function of multiplicity and transverse momentum. They are found to be approximately constant as a function of multiplicity and to have a $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ dependence similar to that measured in $p$+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions. The $v_2$ values in the 13 and 2.76 TeV data are consistent within uncertainties. These results suggest that the ridge in $pp$ collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in $p$+Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong $\sqrt{s}$ dependence.

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representative citing papers

Equilibrium Statistics as Conditional Laws and Conservation-Induced Correlations

hep-ph · 2026-06-27 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

A conditional probability framework derives Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics plus conservation-induced covariances from saddle-point marginals, then uses orthogonal projections to isolate conservation effects in PYTHIA-simulated p+Pb events.

Validity of relativistic hydrodynamics beyond local equilibrium

nucl-th · 2025-08-24 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

Formal solutions of Boltzmann moment equations demonstrate that relativistic hydrodynamics works far from equilibrium because non-perturbative modes and modified transport coefficients enable interpolation between free streaming and hydrodynamic regimes.

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