Heavy cosmic ray nuclei (iron, carbon, oxygen) produce concentrated Cherenkov light inside the eye that matches the reported astronaut light flash phenomenon, while hydrogen, helium, and ground-level muons do not.
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Cherenkov light as a mechanism for light flashes seen by astronauts in space
Heavy cosmic ray nuclei (iron, carbon, oxygen) produce concentrated Cherenkov light inside the eye that matches the reported astronaut light flash phenomenon, while hydrogen, helium, and ground-level muons do not.