A new gravitational wave event reveals a binary black hole merger with total mass 190-265 solar masses, indicating black holes can form via gravitational-wave driven mergers beyond standard stellar channels.
The impact of initial conditions on quasi-normal modes
8 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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Pith papers citing it
abstract
This study investigates the influence of initial conditions on the evolution and properties of linear quasi-normal modes (QNMs). Using a toy model in which the quasi-normal mode can be unambiguously identified, we highlight an aspect of QNMs that is long known yet often ignored: the amplitude of a QNM (after factoring out the corresponding exponential with a complex frequency) is not constant but instead varies with time. We stress that this is true even within the regime of validity of linear perturbation theory. The precise time variation depends on the initial conditions. In particular, it is possible to find initial conditions for which the QNM fails to materialize; it is also possible to find those for which the QNM amplitude grows indefinitely. Focusing on cases where the QNM amplitude does stabilize at late times, we explore how the timescale for amplitude stabilization depends on the shape and location of the initial perturbation profile. Our findings underscore the need for care in fitting linear QNMs to ringdown data. They also suggest recent computations of quadratic QNMs, sourced purely by {\it stabilized} linear QNMs, do not fully capture what determines the amplitude of the quadratic QNMs, even at late times. Our results motivate a detailed investigation of the initial perturbations generated in the aftermath of a binary merger.
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representative citing papers
Direct waves in filtered Schwarzschild ringdown are the anti-causal filter-pole contribution sourced by near-horizon trajectory dynamics and do not vanish.
All redshift-mode contributions to Schwarzschild black-hole ringdown waveforms vanish exactly because causality forces the source-integrated Green function to vanish on the light cone.
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
Refined propagation prescription for quasinormal modes excited by plunging particles confirms a bounce radius at r_*=0 and yields accurate reproduction of the post-bounce oscillatory waveform component from first principles.
The prompt response is ~1.2 times stronger than quasinormal mode excitation during inspiral and enables 99% accurate reconstruction of the full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform when combined with other components.
Exact time-domain Green function computed for the Pöschl-Teller approximation to black-hole perturbation potentials, revealing additional early-time exponentially growing modes and a light-cone plus historical waveform decomposition.
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.
citing papers explorer
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GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 $M_{\odot}$
A new gravitational wave event reveals a binary black hole merger with total mass 190-265 solar masses, indicating black holes can form via gravitational-wave driven mergers beyond standard stellar channels.
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Foundations of Direct Waves in Schwarzschild Ringdown
Direct waves in filtered Schwarzschild ringdown are the anti-causal filter-pole contribution sourced by near-horizon trajectory dynamics and do not vanish.
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Vanishing of all redshift modes in Schwarzschild ringdown
All redshift-mode contributions to Schwarzschild black-hole ringdown waveforms vanish exactly because causality forces the source-integrated Green function to vanish on the light cone.
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Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
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Dynamical quasinormal mode excitation II: propagation and convergence in Schwarzschild
Refined propagation prescription for quasinormal modes excited by plunging particles confirms a bounce radius at r_*=0 and yields accurate reproduction of the post-bounce oscillatory waveform component from first principles.
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Prompt Response from Plunging Sources in Schwarzschild Spacetime
The prompt response is ~1.2 times stronger than quasinormal mode excitation during inspiral and enables 99% accurate reconstruction of the full inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform when combined with other components.
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Green function of the P\"{o}schl-Teller potential
Exact time-domain Green function computed for the Pöschl-Teller approximation to black-hole perturbation potentials, revealing additional early-time exponentially growing modes and a light-cone plus historical waveform decomposition.
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GW250114: testing Hawking's area law and the Kerr nature of black holes
GW250114 data confirm the remnant black hole ringdown frequencies lie within 30% of Kerr predictions and that the final horizon area is larger than the sum of the progenitors' areas to high credibility.