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Maximizing Modularity is hard

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abstract

Several algorithms have been proposed to compute partitions of networks into communities that score high on a graph clustering index called modularity. While publications on these algorithms typically contain experimental evaluations to emphasize the plausibility of results, none of these algorithms has been shown to actually compute optimal partitions. We here settle the unknown complexity status of modularity maximization by showing that the corresponding decision version is NP-complete in the strong sense. As a consequence, any efficient, i.e. polynomial-time, algorithm is only heuristic and yields suboptimal partitions on many instances.

fields

cs.LG 1

years

2026 1

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UNVERDICTED 1

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  • Flexible Online Representation Learning Based on Similarity Matching cs.LG · 2026-06-01 · unverdicted · none · ref 23 · internal anchor

    Proposes a versatile online biologically plausible algorithm for learning sparse shift-invariant representations usable for clustering, manifold tiling, or sparse coding depending on data structure.