Resistive GRMHD simulations of rotating neutron stars show resistivity changes magnetic field geometries, suppresses instabilities, and lowers GW emission amplitude while maintaining a consistent 9:1 poloidal-to-toroidal energy ratio over 100 ms.
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PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
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abstract
Neutron stars are not only of astrophysical interest, but are also of great interest to nuclear physicists, because their attributes can be used to determine the properties of the dense matter in their cores. One of the most informative approaches for determining the equation of state of this dense matter is to measure both a star's equatorial circumferential radius $R_e$ and its gravitational mass $M$. Here we report estimates of the mass and radius of the isolated 205.53 Hz millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451 obtained using a Bayesian inference approach to analyze its energy-dependent thermal X-ray waveform, which was observed using the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). This approach is thought to be less subject to systematic errors than other approaches for estimating neutron star radii. We explored a variety of emission patterns on the stellar surface. Our best-fit model has three oval, uniform-temperature emitting spots and provides an excellent description of the pulse waveform observed using NICER. The radius and mass estimates given by this model are $R_e = 13.02^{+1.24}_{-1.06}$ km and $M = 1.44^{+0.15}_{-0.14}\ M_\odot$ (68%). The independent analysis reported in the companion paper by Riley et al. (2019) explores different emitting spot models, but finds spot shapes and locations and estimates of $R_e$ and $M$ that are consistent with those found in this work. We show that our measurements of $R_e$ and $M$ for PSR J0030$+$0451 improve the astrophysical constraints on the equation of state of cold, catalyzed matter above nuclear saturation density.
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Neutron stars yield tighter bounds on muonic scalar and vector fifth forces (g_φμ ≲ 10^{-12}, g_Vμ ≲ 3×10^{-13} for m_X ≲ 100 keV) than SN 1987A, plus hydrostatic constraints for long-range cases.
A conservative f(R,T) gravity reformulation decouples the gravitational sector from the microphysical equation of state, enabling computation of neutron star mass-radius relations and tidal deformabilities that satisfy current astrophysical constraints.
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Bayesian inference from joint GTR measurements on 208Pb, 132Sn, and 90Zr yields G'_0 = 0.48 ± 0.034 in a standard Skyrme RPA framework.
A new relativistic model for accretion-powered X-ray pulsars enables simultaneous computation of phase-averaged spectra and pulse profiles, applied to NuSTAR data for Her X-1 to extract physical parameters and beaming patterns.
RGOPT-resummed NNLO pQCD EoS for massive quarks in beta equilibrium is fitted and applied to construct pure quark stars (X=3.08-3.58) and hybrid stars (X~2-2.98) compatible with PSR J0740+6620 and GW190814.
Joint NICER+IXPE pulse-profile modeling of SRGA J144459.2-604207 favors large neutron-star mass and radius with two independent hotspots but shows strong sensitivity to joint-analysis methodology.
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NLED alters photon propagation near magnetars, producing ~10% errors in inferred radii via ray-tracing and a minimal ~350 ns travel-time delay.
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Hybrid star model with core quark pasta pinning superfluid vortices produces glitch amplitudes ΔΩ/Ω of order 10^{-6} matching Vela-like pulsar observations.
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Holographic model of massive deconfined quarks yields a stiff enough equation of state to allow stable 2-solar-mass hybrid stars with quark cores for certain nuclear phases.
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Dark matter cores heat baryonic matter in evolving proto-neutron stars by deepening the gravitational potential while halos cool it, providing a diagnostic distinct from hyperons.
A small vacuum-like dark-energy admixture in neutron stars with 400 MeV–1 GeV fermionic dark matter shrinks halo-induced radius differences from several kilometers to sub-kilometer scales and mass differences to ≲1%.
Bayesian modeling with informed priors reduces uncertainties in neutron-star crust shear properties, predicting torsional mode frequencies of 20-50 Hz compatible with observations.
Theoretical inputs and the 2 solar mass lower limit dominate neutron star equation of state constraints across most densities, while radius data refines low densities and higher masses affect wider ranges.
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