Simulations show that field-ionized electrons in a focused radially polarized laser can be accelerated backward as well as forward, with forward energies rising toward GeV at longer wavelengths.
Observation of Energy Gain at the BNL Inverse Free-Electron-Laser Accelerator
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Forward and Backward Electron Acceleration by Radially Polarized Ultra-Intense Laser Focus Seeded By Field Ionization of High Charge States of Neon
Simulations show that field-ionized electrons in a focused radially polarized laser can be accelerated backward as well as forward, with forward energies rising toward GeV at longer wavelengths.