VibeServe demonstrates that AI agents can synthesize bespoke LLM serving systems end-to-end, remaining competitive with vLLM in standard settings while outperforming it in six non-standard scenarios involving unusual models, workloads, or hardware.
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Gated Delta Networks: Improving Mamba2 with Delta Rule
Canonical reference. 82% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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Pith papers citing it
Background
82% of classified citations
abstract
Linear Transformers have gained attention as efficient alternatives to standard Transformers, but their performance in retrieval and long-context tasks has been limited. To address these limitations, recent work has explored two distinct mechanisms: gating for adaptive memory control and the delta update rule for precise memory modifications. We observe that these mechanisms are complementary: gating enables rapid memory erasure while the delta rule facilitates targeted updates. Building on this insight, we introduce the gated delta rule and develop a parallel training algorithm optimized for modern hardware. Our proposed architecture, Gated DeltaNet, consistently surpasses existing models like Mamba2 and DeltaNet across multiple benchmarks, including language modeling, common-sense reasoning, in-context retrieval, length extrapolation, and long-context understanding. We further enhance performance by developing hybrid architectures that combine Gated DeltaNet layers with sliding window attention or Mamba2 layers, achieving both improved training efficiency and superior task performance.
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representative citing papers
Chem-GMNet uses sphere-native embeddings, DualSKA attention, and SH-FFN layers to match or beat ChemBERTa-2 on MoleculeNet tasks with fewer parameters and sometimes no pretraining.
SpikeProphecy decomposes spike-count forecasting performance into temporal fidelity, spatial pattern accuracy, and magnitude-invariant alignment, revealing reproducible brain-region predictability rankings and a sub-Poisson evaluation floor across seven model families on 105 Neuropixels sessions.
Mixture of Layers replaces monolithic transformer blocks with routed thin parallel blocks using hybrid attention that combines a shared softmax block for global context with Gated DeltaNet linear attention in the routed blocks.
SATFormer uses a context-dependent gate for selective reuse of early Transformer representations, improving validation loss and zero-shot accuracy especially on retrieval benchmarks.
Preconditioned delta-rule models with a diagonal curvature approximation improve upon standard DeltaNet, GDN, and KDA by better approximating the test-time regression objective.
Mem3R achieves better long-sequence 3D reconstruction by decoupling tracking and mapping with a hybrid memory of TTT-updated MLP and explicit tokens, reducing model size and trajectory errors.
S0 tuning optimizes initial recurrent states in hybrid models to outperform LoRA with zero inference cost on HumanEval and partial cross-domain transfer.
Aurora unifies speculative decoder training and serving via asynchronous RL on inference traces, delivering 1.5x day-0 speedup on frontier models and 1.25x adaptation gains on distribution shifts.
Exact Flow Linear Attention derives a closed-form exact update for delta-rule linear attention from continuous-time dynamics, removing Euler discretization error while preserving linear complexity and structure.
A 130M-parameter 1-layer GPN achieves FineWeb-Edu perplexity 18.06, within 13% of a 12-layer Transformer++ (16.05) and 18% of a 10-layer GDN (15.34).
Spectral Koopman operators let SSMs achieve 100% accuracy on long-gap multi-query associative recall with fixed memory, where pure Mamba fails.
Training transformers with KV sparsification during continued pretraining produces representations that admit better post-hoc KV cache compression, improving quality under memory budgets for long-context tasks.
No model can achieve efficiency, compactness, and recall capacity scaling with sequence length at once, as any two imply a strict bound of O(poly(d)/log V) on recallable facts.
FADE adapts per-parameter weight decay rates online via approximate meta-gradient descent to improve controlled forgetting over fixed decay in online tracking and streaming classification.
HyLo upcycles Transformer LLMs into hybrids with MLA and Mamba2/Gated DeltaNet blocks via staged training and distillation, extending context to 2M tokens and outperforming prior upcycled hybrids on long-context benchmarks.
Gist Sparse Attention uses learnable gist compression tokens as both summaries and routing signals, then selectively unfolds relevant raw chunks for fine-grained attention, outperforming compression and sparse-attention baselines on LongBench and RAG tasks at 8x-32x compression.
In-Place TTT adapts LLM MLP projection matrices at test time with a next-token-aligned objective and chunk-wise updates, enabling better long-context performance as a drop-in enhancement.
A 7B hybrid attention-recurrent model outperforms its pure-transformer counterpart on pretraining metrics and scales more efficiently, supported by a proof that hybrids are strictly more expressive than either transformers or linear RNNs.
M²RNN achieves perfect state tracking at unseen lengths and outperforms Gated DeltaNet hybrids by 0.4-0.5 perplexity on 7B models with 3x smaller recurrent states.
Higher-order Linear Attention realizes second-order and higher interactions in linear-time causal attention via constant-size state and associative scans.
Titans combine attention for current context with a learnable neural memory for long-term history, achieving better performance and scaling to over 2M-token contexts on language, reasoning, genomics, and time-series tasks.
HorizonStream is a long-horizon Transformer that factorizes geometric evidence influence into channel-wise linear attention for long-range temporal propagation and local spatiotemporal attention for short-range matching, claiming stable generalization from 48-frame training to over 10,000-frame test
SANA-WM is a 2.6B-parameter efficient world model that synthesizes minute-scale 720p videos with 6-DoF camera control, trained on 213K public clips in 15 days on 64 H100s and runnable on single GPUs at 36x higher throughput than prior open baselines.
citing papers explorer
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VibeServe: Can AI Agents Build Bespoke LLM Serving Systems?
VibeServe demonstrates that AI agents can synthesize bespoke LLM serving systems end-to-end, remaining competitive with vLLM in standard settings while outperforming it in six non-standard scenarios involving unusual models, workloads, or hardware.
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Chem-GMNet: A Sphere-Native Geometric Transformer for Molecular Property Prediction
Chem-GMNet uses sphere-native embeddings, DualSKA attention, and SH-FFN layers to match or beat ChemBERTa-2 on MoleculeNet tasks with fewer parameters and sometimes no pretraining.
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SpikeProphecy: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Autoregressive Neural Population Forecasting
SpikeProphecy decomposes spike-count forecasting performance into temporal fidelity, spatial pattern accuracy, and magnitude-invariant alignment, revealing reproducible brain-region predictability rankings and a sub-Poisson evaluation floor across seven model families on 105 Neuropixels sessions.
-
Mixture of Layers with Hybrid Attention
Mixture of Layers replaces monolithic transformer blocks with routed thin parallel blocks using hybrid attention that combines a shared softmax block for global context with Gated DeltaNet linear attention in the routed blocks.
-
Transformers with Selective Access to Early Representations
SATFormer uses a context-dependent gate for selective reuse of early Transformer representations, improving validation loss and zero-shot accuracy especially on retrieval benchmarks.
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Preconditioned DeltaNet: Curvature-aware Sequence Modeling for Linear Recurrences
Preconditioned delta-rule models with a diagonal curvature approximation improve upon standard DeltaNet, GDN, and KDA by better approximating the test-time regression objective.
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Mem3R: Streaming 3D Reconstruction with Hybrid Memory via Test-Time Training
Mem3R achieves better long-sequence 3D reconstruction by decoupling tracking and mapping with a hybrid memory of TTT-updated MLP and explicit tokens, reducing model size and trajectory errors.
-
S0 Tuning: Zero-Overhead Adaptation of Hybrid Recurrent-Attention Models
S0 tuning optimizes initial recurrent states in hybrid models to outperform LoRA with zero inference cost on HumanEval and partial cross-domain transfer.
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When RL Meets Adaptive Speculative Training: A Unified Training-Serving System
Aurora unifies speculative decoder training and serving via asynchronous RL on inference traces, delivering 1.5x day-0 speedup on frontier models and 1.25x adaptation gains on distribution shifts.
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Exact Flow Linear Attention: Exact Solution from Continuous-Time Dynamics
Exact Flow Linear Attention derives a closed-form exact update for delta-rule linear attention from continuous-time dynamics, removing Euler discretization error while preserving linear complexity and structure.
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A Single-Layer Model Can Do Language Modeling
A 130M-parameter 1-layer GPN achieves FineWeb-Edu perplexity 18.06, within 13% of a 12-layer Transformer++ (16.05) and 18% of a 10-layer GDN (15.34).
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Echo: KV-Cache-Free Associative Recall with Spectral Koopman Operators
Spectral Koopman operators let SSMs achieve 100% accuracy on long-gap multi-query associative recall with fixed memory, where pure Mamba fails.
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Training Transformers for KV Cache Compressibility
Training transformers with KV sparsification during continued pretraining produces representations that admit better post-hoc KV cache compression, improving quality under memory budgets for long-context tasks.
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The Impossibility Triangle of Long-Context Modeling
No model can achieve efficiency, compactness, and recall capacity scaling with sequence length at once, as any two imply a strict bound of O(poly(d)/log V) on recallable facts.
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Learning to Forget: Continual Learning with Adaptive Weight Decay
FADE adapts per-parameter weight decay rates online via approximate meta-gradient descent to improve controlled forgetting over fixed decay in online tracking and streaming classification.
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Long-Context Aware Upcycling: A New Frontier for Hybrid LLM Scaling
HyLo upcycles Transformer LLMs into hybrids with MLA and Mamba2/Gated DeltaNet blocks via staged training and distillation, extending context to 2M tokens and outperforming prior upcycled hybrids on long-context benchmarks.
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Forget, Then Recall: Learnable Compression and Selective Unfolding via Gist Sparse Attention
Gist Sparse Attention uses learnable gist compression tokens as both summaries and routing signals, then selectively unfolds relevant raw chunks for fine-grained attention, outperforming compression and sparse-attention baselines on LongBench and RAG tasks at 8x-32x compression.
-
In-Place Test-Time Training
In-Place TTT adapts LLM MLP projection matrices at test time with a next-token-aligned objective and chunk-wise updates, enabling better long-context performance as a drop-in enhancement.
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Olmo Hybrid: From Theory to Practice and Back
A 7B hybrid attention-recurrent model outperforms its pure-transformer counterpart on pretraining metrics and scales more efficiently, supported by a proof that hybrids are strictly more expressive than either transformers or linear RNNs.
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M$^2$RNN: Non-Linear RNNs with Matrix-Valued States for Scalable Language Modeling
M²RNN achieves perfect state tracking at unseen lengths and outperforms Gated DeltaNet hybrids by 0.4-0.5 perplexity on 7B models with 3x smaller recurrent states.
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Higher-order Linear Attention
Higher-order Linear Attention realizes second-order and higher interactions in linear-time causal attention via constant-size state and associative scans.
-
Titans: Learning to Memorize at Test Time
Titans combine attention for current context with a learnable neural memory for long-term history, achieving better performance and scaling to over 2M-token contexts on language, reasoning, genomics, and time-series tasks.
-
HorizonStream: Long-Horizon Attention for Streaming 3D Reconstruction
HorizonStream is a long-horizon Transformer that factorizes geometric evidence influence into channel-wise linear attention for long-range temporal propagation and local spatiotemporal attention for short-range matching, claiming stable generalization from 48-frame training to over 10,000-frame test
-
SANA-WM: Efficient Minute-Scale World Modeling with Hybrid Linear Diffusion Transformer
SANA-WM is a 2.6B-parameter efficient world model that synthesizes minute-scale 720p videos with 6-DoF camera control, trained on 213K public clips in 15 days on 64 H100s and runnable on single GPUs at 36x higher throughput than prior open baselines.
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Beyond Similarity: Temporal Operator Attention for Time Series Analysis
Temporal Operator Attention augments softmax attention with learnable sequence-space operators for signed temporal mixing and uses stochastic regularization to enable practical training, yielding consistent gains on time series benchmarks.
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Mela: Test-Time Memory Consolidation based on Transformation Hypothesis
Mela is a Transformer variant with a dual-frequency Hierarchical Memory Module and MemStack that performs test-time memory consolidation, outperforming baselines on long contexts.
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SlimQwen: Exploring the Pruning and Distillation in Large MoE Model Pre-training
Pruning pretrained MoE models outperforms training from scratch under fixed budget, different expert compression methods converge after continued training, and progressive pruning plus multi-token KD improves the final 23A2B model.
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Cubit: Token Mixer with Kernel Ridge Regression
Cubit replaces Transformer's attention with a closed-form Kernel Ridge Regression token mixer and reports larger gains as training sequence length increases.
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Irminsul: MLA-Native Position-Independent Caching for Agentic LLM Serving
Irminsul recovers up to 83% of prompt tokens above exact-prefix matching and delivers 63% prefill energy savings per cache hit on MLA-MoE models by content-hashing CDC chunks and applying closed-form kr correction.
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FG$^2$-GDN: Enhancing Long-Context Gated Delta Networks with Doubly Fine-Grained Control
FG²-GDN replaces the scalar beta in the delta update with a channel-wise vector and decouples key/value scaling to improve recall over prior GDN and KDA models.
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Forget BIT, It is All about TOKEN: Towards Semantic Information Theory for LLMs
Proposes a semantic information theory for LLMs that substitutes the token for the bit as the atomic carrier of meaning, recasts the Transformer as an energy-based model, and derives directed rate-distortion and rate-reward functions using Massey's directed information.
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Nirvana: A Specialized Generalist Model With Task-Aware Memory Mechanism
Nirvana adds a task-aware memory trigger and updater to specialized generalist models, achieving strong general benchmark results, lowest perplexity in biomedicine/finance/law, and improved MRI reconstruction fidelity.
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StateX: Enhancing RNN Recall via Post-training State Expansion
StateX post-trains RNNs to expand recurrent state size, improving recall and in-context learning with negligible parameter growth.
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On The Application of Linear Attention in Multimodal Transformers
Linear attention delivers significant computational savings in multimodal transformers and follows the same scaling laws as softmax attention on ViT models trained on LAION-400M with ImageNet-21K zero-shot validation.
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Hybrid Architectures for Language Models: Systematic Analysis and Design Insights
This work systematically compares inter-layer and intra-layer hybridization strategies for combining self-attention and Mamba-style state space models, evaluating them on language modeling, downstream tasks, long-context performance, scaling, and efficiency to derive optimal design recipes.
- LT2: Linear-Time Looped Transformers
- Reasoning Primitives in Hybrid and Non-Hybrid LLMs: Do Architectural Differences Yield Advantages in State-Tracking and Recall?
- RAT+: Train Dense, Infer Sparse -- Recurrence Augmented Attention for Dilated Inference