Momentum in Muon functions as a spectral filter on signal-plus-perturbation gradients, enlarging the gap to stabilize singular subspaces before orthogonalization and outperforming the reverse order.
Goh, Why momentum really works, Distill 10.23915/distill.00006 (2017)
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Deep Boltzmann Quantum States with natural-gradient optimization and annealing-like training match exact or best-known solutions for large infinite-range Ising spin glasses and solve job shop scheduling instances.
Language models show good calibration when asked to estimate the probability that their own answers are correct, with performance improving as models get larger.
Ranked preference modeling outperforms imitation learning for language model alignment and scales more favorably with model size.
Effective data transferred from pre-training to fine-tuning is described by a power law in model parameter count and fine-tuning dataset size, acting like a multiplier on the fine-tuning data.
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Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know
Language models show good calibration when asked to estimate the probability that their own answers are correct, with performance improving as models get larger.