This pedagogical review concludes that the Milky Way's claimed Keplerian rotation-curve decline is plausible but systematically challenged by Jeans-model biases and independent mass constraints.
Dark matter fraction derived from the M31 rotation curve
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abstract
Mass estimates of a spiral galaxy derived from its rotation curve must account for the galaxy's past accretion history. There are several lines of evidence indicating that M31 experienced a major merger 2 to 3 Gyr ago. Here, we have generated a dynamical model of M31 as a merger remnant that reproduces most of its properties, from the central bar to the outskirts. The model accounts for the past major merger, and reproduces the details of M31's rotation curve, including its 14 kpc bump and the observed increase of velocity beyond 25 kpc. Furthermore, we find non-equilibrium and oscillatory motions in the gas of the merger-remnant outskirts caused by material in a tidal tail returning to the merger remnant. A total dynamical M31 mass of 4.5 $\times 10^{11} M_{\odot}$ within 137 kpc has been obtained after scaling it to the observed HI rotation curve. Within this radial distance, 68% of the total dynamical mass is dark.
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The Rotation Curve of the Milky Way: State of the Art, the Keplerian Decline Debate, and Implications for Dark Matter
This pedagogical review concludes that the Milky Way's claimed Keplerian rotation-curve decline is plausible but systematically challenged by Jeans-model biases and independent mass constraints.