Classical instabilities in metastable strings from two-step symmetry breaking can restrict the viable parameter space for explaining the PTA gravitational wave signal.
Stability of the embedded string in the SU(N)×U(1) Higgs model and its application
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Numerical perturbation analysis shows non-topological Z' strings in the minimal 331 model remain stable only near the semilocal limit θ_S ≈ π/2 even after tuning Higgs self-couplings.
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Metastable strings at PTAs: classical stability analysis
Classical instabilities in metastable strings from two-step symmetry breaking can restrict the viable parameter space for explaining the PTA gravitational wave signal.
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The non-topological $Z^\prime$ string in the 331 model and its classical stability
Numerical perturbation analysis shows non-topological Z' strings in the minimal 331 model remain stable only near the semilocal limit θ_S ≈ π/2 even after tuning Higgs self-couplings.