Principal component analysis of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions yields thermal and geometric normal modes that explain 99.5% of variance and account for measured flow observables v0(pT) and v02(pT).
Determining initial-state fluctuations from flow measurements in heavy-ion collisions
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abstract
We present a number of independent flow observables that can be measured using multiparticle azimuthal correlations in heavy-ion collisions. Some of these observables are already well known, such as v2{2} and v2{4}, but most are new--in particular, joint correlations between v1, v2 and v3. Taken together, these measurements will allow for a more precise determination of the medium properties than is currently possible. In particular, by taking ratios of these observables, we construct quantities which are less sensitive to the hydrodynamic response of the medium, and thus more directly characterize the initial-state fluctuations of the event shape, which may constrain models for early-time, non-equilibrium QCD dynamics. We present predictions for these ratios using two Monte-Carlo models, and compare to available data.
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Higher-order v2-v3 cumulants reduce to expressions fixed by the mean elliptic flow from nuclear overlap geometry.
Toy models show multi-particle correlators can increase rather than reduce deviation from true flow harmonics in small collision systems.
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Thermal and geometric normal modes of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
Principal component analysis of spectral fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions yields thermal and geometric normal modes that explain 99.5% of variance and account for measured flow observables v0(pT) and v02(pT).
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Explaining higher-order correlations between elliptic and triangular flow
Higher-order v2-v3 cumulants reduce to expressions fixed by the mean elliptic flow from nuclear overlap geometry.
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Effectiveness of nonflow suppression using multi-particle correlators
Toy models show multi-particle correlators can increase rather than reduce deviation from true flow harmonics in small collision systems.