Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
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Primordial black hole formation in the matter-dominated phase of the Universe
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abstract
We investigate primordial black hole formation in the matter-dominated phase of the Universe, where nonspherical effects in gravitational collapse play a crucial role. This is in contrast to the black hole formation in a radiation-dominated era. We apply the Zel'dovich approximation, Thorne's hoop conjecture, and Doroshkevich's probability distribution and subsequently derive the production probability $\beta_{0}$ of primordial black holes. The numerical result obtained is applicable even if the density fluctuation $\sigma$ at horizon entry is of the order of unity. For $\sigma\ll 1$, we find a semi-analytic formula $\beta_{0}\simeq 0.05556 \sigma^{5}$, which is comparable with the Khlopov-Polnarev formula. We find that the production probability in the matter-dominated era is much larger than that in the radiation-dominated era for $\sigma\lesssim 0.05$, while they are comparable with each other for $\sigma\gtrsim 0.05$. We also discuss how $\sigma$ can be written in terms of primordial curvature perturbations.
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Full numerical N-body treatment is required for reliable gravitational wave predictions from nonspherical collapse in early matter-dominated eras, with resulting spectra mappable to detector sensitivities via horizon mass and reheating temperature.
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
Slow reheating after a supercooled first-order phase transition allows an early matter-dominated era in which small curvature perturbations grow sufficiently to form primordial black holes.
Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.
Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.
citing papers explorer
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Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component
Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.
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Gravitational wave emission from nonspherical collapse in an early matter-dominated era using N-body simulations
Full numerical N-body treatment is required for reliable gravitational wave predictions from nonspherical collapse in early matter-dominated eras, with resulting spectra mappable to detector sensitivities via horizon mass and reheating temperature.
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Asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter from Supersymmetry
Supersymmetry with heavy particles above ~10^5 GeV enhances asteroid-mass PBH production via transient equation-of-state softening, allowing them to comprise all dark matter unlike in the Standard Model.
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Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves
Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.
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Reviving primordial black hole formation in slow first-order phase transitions
Slow reheating after a supercooled first-order phase transition allows an early matter-dominated era in which small curvature perturbations grow sufficiently to form primordial black holes.
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Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.
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Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments
Primordial black holes in specific mass ranges could account for some or all dark matter while resolving structure-formation and seed problems in standard cosmology.