The ΛXCDM model—running vacuum plus a phantom-matter cosmon—fits Planck, DESI, and supernova data and produces a phantom-divide crossing at z≈0.4–0.8, but at the cost of three fitted parameters and an unspecified cosmon.
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$\Lambda$XCDM: a running vacuum strategy for crossing the phantom divide
The ΛXCDM model—running vacuum plus a phantom-matter cosmon—fits Planck, DESI, and supernova data and produces a phantom-divide crossing at z≈0.4–0.8, but at the cost of three fitted parameters and an unspecified cosmon.