Curvature, via resummed 2PI Hartree self-energy, can induce spontaneous symmetry breaking for a minimally coupled scalar with positive mass squared in de Sitter spacetime.
Thermal and Curvature Effects to Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in phi^4 Theory
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abstract
We study the thermal and curvature effect to spontaneous symmetry breaking in phi^4 theory. The effective potential is evaluated in D-dimensional static universe with positive curvature R X S^{D-1} or negative curvature R X H^{D-1}. It is shown that temperature and positive curvature suppress the symmetry breaking, while negative curvature enhances it. To consider the back-reaction we numerically solve the gap equation and the Einstein equation simultaneously. The solution gives the relationship between the temperature and the scale factor.
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Spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by curvature : Analysis via non-perturbative 2PI Hartree approximation
Curvature, via resummed 2PI Hartree self-energy, can induce spontaneous symmetry breaking for a minimally coupled scalar with positive mass squared in de Sitter spacetime.