The true gauge group of the G2HDM can differ by a discrete center quotient, and this choice changes the allowed line operators, theta-angle periodicities, and minimal electric and magnetic charges after symmetry breaking.
Physical consequences of the QED theta angle
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We describe a simple gedanken experiment which illustrates the physical effects of the QED theta angle, a fundamental parameter of Nature that has yet to be measured. The effects are manifest in quantum phases analogous to those in the Aharonov-Bohm effect, although they are not intrinsically topological. We also derive the quantum phases using a functional Schrodinger approach, and generalize the results to non-Abelian gauge theories.
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The Line operators in the G2HDM model
The true gauge group of the G2HDM can differ by a discrete center quotient, and this choice changes the allowed line operators, theta-angle periodicities, and minimal electric and magnetic charges after symmetry breaking.