A Carroll-covariant energy-momentum-news complex at future null infinity yields Ward identities that generalise the Bondi loss equations, with an anomalous Carroll boost.
A 3+1 perspective on null hypersurfaces and isolated horizons
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abstract
The isolated horizon formalism recently introduced by Ashtekar et al. aims at providing a quasi-local concept of a black hole in equilibrium in an otherwise possibly dynamical spacetime. In this formalism, a hierarchy of geometrical structures is constructed on a null hypersurface. On the other side, the 3+1 formulation of general relativity provides a powerful setting for studying the spacetime dynamics, in particular gravitational radiation from black hole systems. Here we revisit the kinematics and dynamics of null hypersurfaces by making use of some 3+1 slicing of spacetime. In particular, the additional structures induced on null hypersurfaces by the 3+1 slicing permit a natural extension to the full spacetime of geometrical quantities defined on the null hypersurface. This 4-dimensional point of view facilitates the link between the null and spatial geometries. We proceed by reformulating the isolated horizon structure in this framework. We also reformulate previous works, such as Damour's black hole mechanics, and make the link with a previous 3+1 approach of black hole horizon, namely the membrane paradigm. We explicit all geometrical objects in terms of 3+1 quantities, putting a special emphasis on the conformal 3+1 formulation. This is in particular relevant for the initial data problem of black hole spacetimes for numerical relativity. Illustrative examples are provided by considering various slicings of Schwarzschild and Kerr spacetimes.
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An operator-algebraic quantization of the characteristic initial-value problem yields a candidate on-shell algebra for a gravitational subregion bounded by two null hypersurfaces.
Horizon multipole moments of a Kerr black hole are computed in closed form from two definitions, yielding different values for l >= 1 at nonzero spin and sharing parity and small-spin scaling with field multipoles.
An entropy functional yields the Brown-York tensor via conjugate momentum projection, unifying null and timelike hypersurfaces and reproducing equations in scalar-tensor gravity.
Quasi-local dynamical horizons admit a first law for finite, far-from-equilibrium processes and a quantitative second law tying area growth to energy fluxes, so black-hole entropy is the area of marginally trapped surfaces.
citing papers explorer
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The Energy-Momentum-News Complex near Future Null Infinity
A Carroll-covariant energy-momentum-news complex at future null infinity yields Ward identities that generalise the Bondi loss equations, with an anomalous Carroll boost.
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Quantization of Gravity on Null Hypersurfaces
An operator-algebraic quantization of the characteristic initial-value problem yields a candidate on-shell algebra for a gravitational subregion bounded by two null hypersurfaces.
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Horizon Multipole Moments of a Kerr Black Hole
Horizon multipole moments of a Kerr black hole are computed in closed form from two definitions, yielding different values for l >= 1 at nonzero spin and sharing parity and small-spin scaling with field multipoles.
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Entropic route to Brown-York tensor: A unified framework for null and timelike hypersurfaces
An entropy functional yields the Brown-York tensor via conjugate momentum projection, unifying null and timelike hypersurfaces and reproducing equations in scalar-tensor gravity.
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Thermodynamics of dynamical black holes beyond perturbation theory
Quasi-local dynamical horizons admit a first law for finite, far-from-equilibrium processes and a quantitative second law tying area growth to energy fluxes, so black-hole entropy is the area of marginally trapped surfaces.