Collider scattering processes such as electron-positron annihilation to muon pairs can be represented as quantum circuits with unitary and non-unitary components.
Wiese, Annalen Phys.525, 777 (2013), arXiv:1305.1602 [quant-ph]
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abstract
Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories are of central importance in many areas of physics. In condensed matter physics, Abelian U(1) lattice gauge theories arise in the description of certain quantum spin liquids. In quantum information theory, Kitaev's toric code is a Z(2) lattice gauge theory. In particle physics, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the non-Abelian SU(3) gauge theory of the strong interactions between quarks and gluons, is non-perturbatively regularized on a lattice. Quantum link models extend the concept of lattice gauge theories beyond the Wilson formulation, and are well suited for both digital and analog quantum simulation using ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices. Since quantum simulators do not suffer from the notorious sign problem, they open the door to studies of the real-time evolution of strongly coupled quantum systems, which are impossible with classical simulation methods. A plethora of interesting lattice gauge theories suggests itself for quantum simulation, which should allow us to address very challenging problems, ranging from confinement and deconfinement, or chiral symmetry breaking and its restoration at finite baryon density, to color superconductivity and the real-time evolution of heavy-ion collisions, first in simpler model gauge theories and ultimately in QCD.
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A survey of quantum hardware platforms and methods for simulating condensed matter physics, covering ground states, topology, non-equilibrium dynamics, and the role of noisy devices as prototypes for fault-tolerant simulation.
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A collider as a quantum computer
Collider scattering processes such as electron-positron annihilation to muon pairs can be represented as quantum circuits with unitary and non-unitary components.
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Simulating Condensed Matter Physics on Quantum Hardware
A survey of quantum hardware platforms and methods for simulating condensed matter physics, covering ground states, topology, non-equilibrium dynamics, and the role of noisy devices as prototypes for fault-tolerant simulation.