A unitary defect CFT at the wedge corner supplies an auxiliary holographic entropy term that balances area variations and enables stable non-horizon islands in massless ghost-free wedge holography.
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The entropy of Hawking radiation
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In this review, we describe recent progress on the black hole information problem that involves a new understanding of how to calculate the entropy of Hawking radiation. We show how the method for computing gravitational fine-grained entropy, developed over the past 15 years, can be extended to capture the entropy of Hawking radiation. This technique reveals large corrections needed for the entropy to be consistent with unitary black hole evaporation.
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The Hartle-Hawking state for toroidal quantum cosmologies is expressed in the Langlands decomposition as a sum over zeta zeros whose near-singularity dynamics follow the Hilbert-Pólya Hamiltonian and as a Möbius average of CFT partition functions.
Defines a Type II₁ algebra of gravitationally dressed observables in de Sitter static patch whose entropy matches generalized entropy up to a state-independent additive constant.
The paper proposes a kinematic space for any subregion of vacuum AdS, whose geodesic 'PEE threads' uniformly cover the subregion and yield tensor-network models that reproduce Ryu-Takayanagi entropy and realize surface/state and generalized-wedge holography.
Long-string emission from rotating λ-deformed BTZ black holes forces a unique origin B-field that matches the value needed for the string spectrum to agree with the Z_w sector of single-trace T T-bar deformed orbifolds, with emission rates universally set by ΔS_BH.
Large N symmetric orbifold CFTs decompose into superselection sectors that behave as closed universes, with each physical sector becoming one-dimensional after gauging, matching gravitational expectations.
Fuzzball models with stretched horizons modify or eliminate entanglement islands depending on boundary conditions and cap geometry, producing information paradox analogues in some cases.
Inner horizon saddles supply the semiclassical correction -exp(A_inner/4G) to near-extremal black-hole entropy and motivate a spectral KSW criterion for well-defined one-loop effects around complex gravitational saddles.
Universal compact entanglement islands are obstructed by an entropy bound violation, implying region-dependent interior reconstruction.
State counting for Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the Page curve are equivalent in the gravity path integral, so any entropy-compatible microstate basis automatically restores unitarity.
In JT gravity, the capacity of entanglement detects finite-n structure in the factorized island saddle that the entropy misses at first nontrivial order.
In gapped random matrix systems with parametrically many degenerate ground states, the spectral form factor at low temperatures is dominated by the disconnected contribution at all times, while the connected form factor depends only on the non-degenerate eigenvalues.
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
A rotating regular black hole leaves a remnant because the correction term in the generalized entropy of Hawking radiation vanishes at a finite mass above the extremal limit.
Establishes holography of information in the CGHS model via asymptotic algebras and argues that islands violate commutativity of left- and right-boundary algebras.
In SdS black hole holography, CV and CV2.0 complexities grow linearly while CA growth vanishes due to finite action, with matching rates between static patch and dS/CFT schemes.
Semiclassical RN-dS evaporation via 2D dilaton gravity and anomaly flux yields monotonic neutral mass loss and rapid discharge, making classical equilibrium loci non-attractors and leading to empty de Sitter space.
In holographic Schwinger pair production, the excess capacity of entanglement is √λ(d−2)/(d−1)³ — positive for d>2, zero for d=2 — so the produced pair carries nonlocal magic for d>2.
Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.
In conformal Killing gravity, Schwarzschild AdS black holes obey the Bekenstein-Hawking area law, exhibit parameter-dependent Van der Waals-like phase transitions for positive values, and recover information via islands that restore the Page curve after a critical time.
A modified semiclassical holographic dictionary is used to construct an extended gravitational path integral that factorizes, reproduces the Page curve for entropy, and includes operators for baby universe states.
Hawking radiation terminates around the scrambling time due to trans-Planckian stringy effects in GUP and string-field-theory-inspired toy models, yielding negligible evaporation and a mostly classical black hole.
Presents cavity-based effective descriptions for scalar radiation from black holes and modified models, linking them to wave profiles and accumulated phase shifts for detecting small deviations from classical behavior.
Backreaction in a BEC analog black hole causes the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation to decrease for sufficiently low energy modes across a wide parameter range.
citing papers explorer
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Massless Islands in Wedge Holography
A unitary defect CFT at the wedge corner supplies an auxiliary holographic entropy term that balances area variations and enables stable non-horizon islands in massless ghost-free wedge holography.
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M\"obius randomness in the Hartle-Hawking state
The Hartle-Hawking state for toroidal quantum cosmologies is expressed in the Langlands decomposition as a sum over zeta zeros whose near-singularity dynamics follow the Hilbert-Pólya Hamiltonian and as a Möbius average of CFT partition functions.
-
An Algebra of Observables for de Sitter Space
Defines a Type II₁ algebra of gravitationally dressed observables in de Sitter static patch whose entropy matches generalized entropy up to a state-independent additive constant.
-
Holography and Kinematic Space for Gravitational Sub-regions in AdS
The paper proposes a kinematic space for any subregion of vacuum AdS, whose geodesic 'PEE threads' uniformly cover the subregion and yield tensor-network models that reproduce Ryu-Takayanagi entropy and realize surface/state and generalized-wedge holography.
-
Deformed BTZ Radiance and Single Trace $T\bar{T}$ Holography
Long-string emission from rotating λ-deformed BTZ black holes forces a unique origin B-field that matches the value needed for the string spectrum to agree with the Z_w sector of single-trace T T-bar deformed orbifolds, with emission rates universally set by ΔS_BH.
-
Emergent Closed Universes in Symmetric Orbifold CFTs
Large N symmetric orbifold CFTs decompose into superselection sectors that behave as closed universes, with each physical sector becoming one-dimensional after gauging, matching gravitational expectations.
-
Entanglement islands, fuzzballs and stretched horizons
Fuzzball models with stretched horizons modify or eliminate entanglement islands depending on boundary conditions and cap geometry, producing information paradox analogues in some cases.
-
Inner Horizon Saddles and a Spectral KSW Criterion
Inner horizon saddles supply the semiclassical correction -exp(A_inner/4G) to near-extremal black-hole entropy and motivate a spectral KSW criterion for well-defined one-loop effects around complex gravitational saddles.
-
Entropy bound and the non-universality of entanglement islands
Universal compact entanglement islands are obstructed by an entropy bound violation, implying region-dependent interior reconstruction.
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State counting in gravity and maximal entropy principle
State counting for Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the Page curve are equivalent in the gravity path integral, so any entropy-compatible microstate basis automatically restores unitarity.
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Probing the Factorized Island Branch with the Capacity of Entanglement in JT Gravity
In JT gravity, the capacity of entanglement detects finite-n structure in the factorized island saddle that the entropy misses at first nontrivial order.
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Spectral Form Factor of Gapped Random Matrix Systems
In gapped random matrix systems with parametrically many degenerate ground states, the spectral form factor at low temperatures is dominated by the disconnected contribution at all times, while the connected form factor depends only on the non-degenerate eigenvalues.
-
Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
GW250114 data confirm the remnant is consistent with a Kerr black hole and bound the dominant quadrupolar mode frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction, with constraints tighter than prior multi-event catalogs.
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The Remnant of an Evaporating Rotating Regular Black Hole from the Generalized Entropy in the Final Stage of Evaporation
A rotating regular black hole leaves a remnant because the correction term in the generalized entropy of Hawking radiation vanishes at a finite mass above the extremal limit.
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Asymptotic Algebras and Holography of Information in CGHS Model
Establishes holography of information in the CGHS model via asymptotic algebras and argues that islands violate commutativity of left- and right-boundary algebras.
-
Holographic complexity of de-Sitter black holes
In SdS black hole holography, CV and CV2.0 complexities grow linearly while CA growth vanishes due to finite action, with matching rates between static patch and dS/CFT schemes.
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The fate of Reissner--Nordstr\"om--de Sitter black holes: nonequilibrium discharge and evaporation
Semiclassical RN-dS evaporation via 2D dilaton gravity and anomaly flux yields monotonic neutral mass loss and rapid discharge, making classical equilibrium loci non-attractors and leading to empty de Sitter space.
-
Nonlocal Nonstabilizerness from Holographic Schwinger Pair Production
In holographic Schwinger pair production, the excess capacity of entanglement is √λ(d−2)/(d−1)³ — positive for d>2, zero for d=2 — so the produced pair carries nonlocal magic for d>2.
-
Memory-Burden Suppression of Hawking Radiation and Neutrino Constraints on Primordial Black Holes
Memory-burden backreaction deforms the Hawking spectrum to suppress its high-energy tail, lowering total luminosity and neutrino flux by a factor set by a single suppression parameter and thereby relaxing IceCube bounds on primordial black hole dark matter.
-
Thermodynamics and information recovery of Schwarzschild AdS black holes in conformal Killing gravity
In conformal Killing gravity, Schwarzschild AdS black holes obey the Bekenstein-Hawking area law, exhibit parameter-dependent Van der Waals-like phase transitions for positive values, and recover information via islands that restore the Page curve after a critical time.
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How to have your wormholes and factorize, too
A modified semiclassical holographic dictionary is used to construct an extended gravitational path integral that factorizes, reproduces the Page curve for entropy, and includes operators for baby universe states.
-
UV Effects and Short-Lived Hawking Radiation: Alternative Resolution of Information Paradox
Hawking radiation terminates around the scrambling time due to trans-Planckian stringy effects in GUP and string-field-theory-inspired toy models, yielding negligible evaporation and a mostly classical black hole.
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Deriving effective descriptions and signal predictions for dynamical gravitational systems
Presents cavity-based effective descriptions for scalar radiation from black holes and modified models, linking them to wave profiles and accumulated phase shifts for detecting small deviations from classical behavior.
-
Decrease of the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation induced by backreaction in the Bose-Einstein condensate
Backreaction in a BEC analog black hole causes the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation to decrease for sufficiently low energy modes across a wide parameter range.