Hybrid hydro/direct N-body simulations of dense high-redshift gas clouds form very massive stars via runaway collisions that collapse to IMBHs capable of growing from ~6700 to ~62000 solar masses in 100 Myr under optimistic assumptions.
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N-body simulations demonstrate runaway GW BBH mergers in dense BH clusters (≥5×10^9 M⊙/pc³) produce ~10³ M⊙ IMBHs within 10 Myr.
citing papers explorer
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From Dense Gas Clouds to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Hybrid Hydro/Direct $N$-body Simulations of Runaway Collision-driven Intermediate-mass Black Hole Formation
Hybrid hydro/direct N-body simulations of dense high-redshift gas clouds form very massive stars via runaway collisions that collapse to IMBHs capable of growing from ~6700 to ~62000 solar masses in 100 Myr under optimistic assumptions.
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Rapid intermediate-mass black hole formation via runaway mergers of black holes
N-body simulations demonstrate runaway GW BBH mergers in dense BH clusters (≥5×10^9 M⊙/pc³) produce ~10³ M⊙ IMBHs within 10 Myr.