Fe Kα lines from accreting black holes are produced mostly outside 10 gravitational radii due to radial ionization gradients, allowing broad profiles without high spin.
Mass Functions of Supermassive Black Holes Across Cosmic Time
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abstract
The black hole mass function of supermassive black holes describes the evolution of the distribution of black hole mass. It is one of the primary empirical tools available for mapping the growth of supermassive black holes and for constraining theoretical models of their evolution. In this review we discuss methods for estimating the black hole mass function, including their advantages and disadvantages. We also review the results of using these methods for estimating the mass function of both active and inactive black holes. In addition, we review current theoretical models for the growth of supermassive black holes that predict the black hole mass function. We conclude with a discussion of directions for future research which will lead to improvement in both empirical and theoretical determinations of the mass function of supermassive black holes.
years
2026 2representative citing papers
FR0 radio galaxies are abundant compact sources whose small sizes challenge standard evolutionary models, and SKA observations are expected to clarify their jet physics and demographics.
citing papers explorer
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Simulation-Based Prediction of Black Hole Fe K$\alpha$ Line Profiles
Fe Kα lines from accreting black holes are produced mostly outside 10 gravitational radii due to radial ionization gradients, allowing broad profiles without high spin.
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Compact radio galaxies: the case of FR0s
FR0 radio galaxies are abundant compact sources whose small sizes challenge standard evolutionary models, and SKA observations are expected to clarify their jet physics and demographics.