Turbulent electron-ion coronae around accreting black holes self-regulate into a two-temperature state that generates nonthermal ions and X-ray spectra consistent with observations including an MeV tail.
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MHD-PIC simulations find that the non-thermal particle spectral index alpha steepens as alpha proportional to beta to the power 0.5 in the relativistic regime, due to inertial mass density acting as an energy sink that reduces Alfven velocity.
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High-energy Emission from Turbulent Electron-ion Coronae of Accreting Black Holes
Turbulent electron-ion coronae around accreting black holes self-regulate into a two-temperature state that generates nonthermal ions and X-ray spectra consistent with observations including an MeV tail.
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The $\beta$-Dependence of Particle Spectra in Relativistic Turbulent Reconnection
MHD-PIC simulations find that the non-thermal particle spectral index alpha steepens as alpha proportional to beta to the power 0.5 in the relativistic regime, due to inertial mass density acting as an energy sink that reduces Alfven velocity.