Metastable cosmic strings produce a gravitational wave background that is best modeled with three parameters (string tension Gμ plus independent time scales t_LB and t_NC), yielding a compact analytical spectrum when t_LB greatly exceeds t_NC.
More accurate gravitational wave backgrounds from cosmic strings
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In the minimal B-L gauge extension, Majorana neutrinos at high breaking scale produce flat GW spectra from cosmic strings, Dirac at low scale produce peaked spectra from first-order phase transitions, and pseudo-Dirac produce kink features from domain wall annihilation.
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New gravitational-wave templates for metastable cosmic strings: Loop breaking versus network collapse
Metastable cosmic strings produce a gravitational wave background that is best modeled with three parameters (string tension Gμ plus independent time scales t_LB and t_NC), yielding a compact analytical spectrum when t_LB greatly exceeds t_NC.
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Gravitational Wave Signature and the Nature of Neutrino Masses: Majorana, Dirac, or Pseudo-Dirac?
In the minimal B-L gauge extension, Majorana neutrinos at high breaking scale produce flat GW spectra from cosmic strings, Dirac at low scale produce peaked spectra from first-order phase transitions, and pseudo-Dirac produce kink features from domain wall annihilation.