Transverse spherocity classifies heavy-ion collision events to suppress backgrounds in chiral magnetic effect searches, with AMPT simulations showing higher scaled signals in isotropic events.
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Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
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abstract
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous across different physical systems of current interest; from the early Universe, compact astrophysical objects and heavy-ion collisions to condensed matter systems. A proper treatment of the effects produced by magnetic fields during the dynamical evolution of these systems, can help to understand observables that otherwise show a puzzling behavior. Furthermore, when these fields are comparable to or stronger than \Lambda_QCD, they serve as excellent probes to help elucidate the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. In this work we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments on the description of QED and QCD systems where magnetic field driven effects are important. These include the modification of meson static properties such as masses and form factors, the chiral magnetic effect, the description of anomalous transport coefficients, superconductivity in extreme magnetic fields, the properties of neutron stars, the evolution of heavy-ion collisions, as well as effects on the QCD phase diagram. We describe recent theory and phenomenological developments using effective models as well as LQCD methods. The work represents a state-of-the-art review of the field, motivated by presentations and discussions during the "Workshop on Strongly Interacting Matter in Strong Electromagnetic Fields" that took place in the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) in the city of Trento, Italy, September 25-29, 2023.
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Lattice QCD yields first-principles splitting ratios for chemical potentials in Ru+Ru vs Zr+Zr collisions that are comparable in size to Bayesian STAR extractions, with Δμ_Q negative, Δμ_S positive, and only moderate magnetic-field dependence.
Magnetic translation symmetry in QFT with external magnetic field forces charged operator two-point functions to factor into a Schwinger phase times a reduced correlator depending only on relative coordinates.
Net-baryon cumulants follow mean-field critical scaling near the deconfinement point, with the critical region shrinking at higher baryon density and beyond-mean-field exponents estimated from the 3D Ising model.
Optimal bounds from current-density calculations constrain the energy density versus number density in the massive Thirring/sine-Gordon model by a factor of two at high densities for any coupling, with the lower bound becoming exact at low densities.
In the two-flavor linear sigma model with quarks, the chiral phase transition at T=0 is first order and occurs at a quark chemical potential equal to the vacuum quark mass.
A quark-meson model with lattice-fitted temperature-dependent quark masses and anomalous magnetic moments reproduces the magnetic susceptibility of hot hadronic matter up to the QCD crossover, showing quarks are active below 120 MeV.
In the NJL model, π⁰-γ mixing under strong B fields affects only one polarization state and produces less than 15% change in pion mass and quark couplings up to 1 GeV²/e, at variance with earlier results.
Direct comparison of Konno-99 perturbative and LORENE numerical methods for poloidal magnetized neutron stars shows perturbative validity for observed fields up to ~10^16 G and numerical resolution limits below ~10^10 G.
MFIR plus MSS regularization of the NJL model keeps the 2SC superconducting gap finite at large chemical potential under magnetic fields and eliminates spurious normal-phase transitions and de Haas–van Alphen artifacts.
A review of spin effects, superfluidity, and magnetic fields in neutron matter and their influence on neutron-star structure, superfluid phases, and rotational dynamics.
citing papers explorer
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Probing the chiral magnetic effect via transverse spherocity event classification in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Transverse spherocity classifies heavy-ion collision events to suppress backgrounds in chiral magnetic effect searches, with AMPT simulations showing higher scaled signals in isotropic events.
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Isospin-Driven Splitting of Chemical Potentials in Isobar Collisions from Lattice QCD
Lattice QCD yields first-principles splitting ratios for chemical potentials in Ru+Ru vs Zr+Zr collisions that are comparable in size to Bayesian STAR extractions, with Δμ_Q negative, Δμ_S positive, and only moderate magnetic-field dependence.
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Magnetic Symmetries and the Structure of Correlation Functions in Quantum Field Theory
Magnetic translation symmetry in QFT with external magnetic field forces charged operator two-point functions to factor into a Schwinger phase times a reduced correlator depending only on relative coordinates.
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Scaling properties of net-baryon number fluctuations at the deconfinement critical point
Net-baryon cumulants follow mean-field critical scaling near the deconfinement point, with the critical region shrinking at higher baryon density and beyond-mean-field exponents estimated from the 3D Ising model.
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The massive Thirring / sine-Gordon model with non-zero current density
Optimal bounds from current-density calculations constrain the energy density versus number density in the massive Thirring/sine-Gordon model by a factor of two at high densities for any coupling, with the lower bound becoming exact at low densities.
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Chiral first order phase transition at finite baryon density and zero temperature from self-consistent pole masses in the linear sigma model with quarks
In the two-flavor linear sigma model with quarks, the chiral phase transition at T=0 is first order and occurs at a quark chemical potential equal to the vacuum quark mass.
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Magnetic susceptibility of a hot hadronic medium and quark degrees of freedom near the QCD cross-over point
A quark-meson model with lattice-fitted temperature-dependent quark masses and anomalous magnetic moments reproduces the magnetic susceptibility of hot hadronic matter up to the QCD crossover, showing quarks are active below 120 MeV.
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$\pi^0$-$\gamma$ mixing in the presence of a strong magnetic field
In the NJL model, π⁰-γ mixing under strong B fields affects only one polarization state and produces less than 15% change in pion mass and quark couplings up to 1 GeV²/e, at variance with earlier results.
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Magnetized neutron stars: perturbative versus fully-numerical approaches
Direct comparison of Konno-99 perturbative and LORENE numerical methods for poloidal magnetized neutron stars shows perturbative validity for observed fields up to ~10^16 G and numerical resolution limits below ~10^10 G.
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Dense and Cold Magnetized Quark Matter: A Review of Magnetic-Field-Independent Regularization and the Medium Separation Scheme
MFIR plus MSS regularization of the NJL model keeps the 2SC superconducting gap finite at large chemical potential under magnetic fields and eliminates spurious normal-phase transitions and de Haas–van Alphen artifacts.
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Spin effects in superfluidity, neutron matter and neutron stars
A review of spin effects, superfluidity, and magnetic fields in neutron matter and their influence on neutron-star structure, superfluid phases, and rotational dynamics.
- Delineating neutral and charged mesons in magnetic fields