An adaptive PID controller is integrated into a Network Digital Twin to enhance real-time traffic state synchronization, with results demonstrated via an interactive user interface.
Hodson, Root-mean-square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE): When to use them or not, Geoscientific Model Development
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Building Network Digital Twins Part II: Real-Time Adaptive PID for Enhanced State Synchronization
An adaptive PID controller is integrated into a Network Digital Twin to enhance real-time traffic state synchronization, with results demonstrated via an interactive user interface.