Second-order Chapman-Enskog viscous corrections suppress heavy-quark drag, induce nontrivial transverse diffusion, and boost early-time dilepton yields relative to first-order or Grad corrections, with the size of the effect set by the interplay between correction momentum dependence and observable
Complete relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics from the entropy principle
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abstract
We present a new derivation of relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic equations, which invokes the second law of thermodynamics for the entropy four-current expressed in terms of the single-particle phase-space distribution function obtained from Grad's 14-moment approximation. This derivation is complete in the sense that all the second-order transport coefficients are uniquely determined within a single theoretical framework. In particular, this removes the long-standing ambiguity in the relaxation time for bulk viscosity thereby eliminating one of the uncertainties in the extraction of the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio from confrontation with the anisotropic flow data in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We find that in the one-dimensional scaling expansion, these transport coefficients prevent the occurrence of cavitation even for rather large values of the bulk viscosity estimated in lattice QCD.
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2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Derives diffusion matrix elements for baryon, charge, and strangeness transport in relativistic hydrodynamics from entropy production within the relaxation-time approximation.
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Observable Dependence of Viscous Corrections in QGP: Heavy Quarks and Dileptons in Chapman--Enskog Theory
Second-order Chapman-Enskog viscous corrections suppress heavy-quark drag, induce nontrivial transverse diffusion, and boost early-time dilepton yields relative to first-order or Grad corrections, with the size of the effect set by the interplay between correction momentum dependence and observable
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Diffusion of multiple conserved charges from entropy production
Derives diffusion matrix elements for baryon, charge, and strangeness transport in relativistic hydrodynamics from entropy production within the relaxation-time approximation.