A review showing that symmetric instantons reduce to hyperbolic monopoles and vortices whose dilute gas yields an area law for the Wilson loop, giving a semi-classical, holographic picture of quark confinement.
Quantum Statistical Mechanics of Vortices
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abstract
The asymptotic partition function for quantized Abelian Higgs vortices at high temperature $T$ is found to leading and subleading order, and from this the equation of state of the vortex gas is derived, including the first quantum correction. It is assumed that the Hamiltonian is proportional to the Laplace--Beltrami operator on the moduli space of static $N$-vortex solutions. The partition function is calculated using the total volume and total scalar curvature of the moduli space.
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Quark confinement consistent with holography due to hyperbolic magnetic monopoles and hyperbolic vortices unifiedly reduced from symmetric instantons
A review showing that symmetric instantons reduce to hyperbolic monopoles and vortices whose dilute gas yields an area law for the Wilson loop, giving a semi-classical, holographic picture of quark confinement.