A (1+1+2)D spin hydrodynamics model with longitudinal spin acceleration and transverse expansion reproduces the quadrupole pattern in longitudinal Lambda polarization and matches Au+Au data at 200 GeV while predicting in-plane transverse polarization.
Thermodynamic versus kinetic approach to polarization-vorticity coupling
5 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We critically compare thermodynamic and kinetic approaches, that have been recently used to study relations between the spin polarization and fluid vorticity in systems consisting of spin-one-half particles. The thermodynamic approach refers to general properties of global thermal equilibrium with a rigid-like rotation and demonstrates that the spin-polarization and thermal-vorticity tensors are equal. On the other hand, the kinetic approach uses the concept of the Wigner function and its semi-classical expansion. In most of the works done so far, the Wigner functions satisfy kinetic equations with a vanishing collision term. We show that this assumption restricts significantly applicability of such frameworks and, in contrast to many claims found in the literature, does not allow for drawing any conclusions regarding the relation between the thermal-vorticity and spin-polarization tensors, except for the fact that the two should be constant in global equilibrium. We further show how the kinetic-theory equations including spin degrees of freedom can be used to formulate a hydrodynamic framework for particles with spin. We define hydrodynamic equations starting separately from the formulation by de~Groot, van~Leeuwen, and van~Weert and from the canonical formalism. In the former case the energy-momentum tensor is symmetric and the spin tensor is conserved, while in the later case the energy-momentum tensor is not symmetric and the spin tensor is not conserved. Nevertheless, in the two cases the total angular momentum is always conserved. Interestingly, the two approaches are connected by the pseudo-gauge transformation, which we explicitly define.
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background 4representative citing papers
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin is obtained as the c→0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, extending the description of boost-invariant flows.
Spin dynamics in dissipative hydrodynamics enhance thermal dilepton yields relative to standard viscous hydrodynamics in Bjorken flow, with the enhancement depending on spin transport coefficients.
In boost-invariant cylindrical spin hydrodynamics, azimuthal-longitudinal coupling in the spin tensor produces nonzero total polarization only via the longitudinal magnetic component coupled to the azimuthal electric component.
The review summarizes developments in spin hydrodynamics, polarization from spin-vorticity coupling, pseudo-gauge freedom, and heavy-flavor spin dynamics in relativistic systems.
citing papers explorer
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Modeling $\Lambda$ polarization in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=200$ GeV using relativistic spin hydrodynamics
A (1+1+2)D spin hydrodynamics model with longitudinal spin acceleration and transverse expansion reproduces the quadrupole pattern in longitudinal Lambda polarization and matches Au+Au data at 200 GeV while predicting in-plane transverse polarization.
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Carroll hydrodynamics with spin
Carroll hydrodynamics with spin is obtained as the c→0 limit of relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, extending the description of boost-invariant flows.
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Dissipative spin hydrodynamics in Bjorken flow and thermal dilepton production
Spin dynamics in dissipative hydrodynamics enhance thermal dilepton yields relative to standard viscous hydrodynamics in Bjorken flow, with the enhancement depending on spin transport coefficients.
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Boost-invariant and cylindrically symmetric perfect spin hydrodynamics
In boost-invariant cylindrical spin hydrodynamics, azimuthal-longitudinal coupling in the spin tensor produces nonzero total polarization only via the longitudinal magnetic component coupled to the azimuthal electric component.
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Spin dynamics and polarization in relativistic systems: recent developments
The review summarizes developments in spin hydrodynamics, polarization from spin-vorticity coupling, pseudo-gauge freedom, and heavy-flavor spin dynamics in relativistic systems.