KBF uses stable numerical recall near the knowledge boundary to fingerprint and audit black-box LLM APIs, successfully detecting all tested substitutions and some real-world inconsistencies across production endpoints.
Gradient-based model fingerprinting for llm similarity detection and family classification,
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A survey of LLM copyright protection that unifies text watermarking, model watermarking, and model fingerprinting while presenting new coverage of fingerprint transfer and removal.
citing papers explorer
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KBF: Knowledge Boundary as Fingerprint for Language Model and Black-Box API Auditing
KBF uses stable numerical recall near the knowledge boundary to fingerprint and audit black-box LLM APIs, successfully detecting all tested substitutions and some real-world inconsistencies across production endpoints.
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Copyright Protection for Large Language Models: A Survey of Methods, Challenges, and Trends
A survey of LLM copyright protection that unifies text watermarking, model watermarking, and model fingerprinting while presenting new coverage of fingerprint transfer and removal.