A neural network trained on 2D SU(2) lattices with inserted thin Z2 vortices, after random gauge transformations, noise, and cooling, can locate center vortices at moderate visibility levels and scales via tiling.
Computation of the Vortex Free Energy in SU(2) Gauge Theory
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abstract
We present the first measurement of the vortex free-energy order parameter at weak coupling for SU(2) in simulations employing multihistogram methods. The result shows that the excitation probability for a sufficiently thick vortex in the vacuum tends to unity. This is rigorously known to provide a necessary and sufficient condition for maintaining confinement at weak coupling in SU(N) gauge theories.
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First steps towards gauge-independent vortex identification through machine learning
A neural network trained on 2D SU(2) lattices with inserted thin Z2 vortices, after random gauge transformations, noise, and cooling, can locate center vortices at moderate visibility levels and scales via tiling.