A centered Gaussian with smaller covariance assigns at least as much probability as one with larger covariance to any closed convex set with reference probability at least 1/2.
Increasing Power for Observational Studies of Aberrant Response: An Adaptive Approach
2 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
In many observational studies, the interest is in the effect of treatment on bad, aberrant outcomes rather than the average outcome. For such settings, the traditional approach is to define a dichotomous outcome indicating aberration from a continuous score and use the Mantel-Haenszel test with matched data. For example, studies of determinants of poor child growth use the World Health Organization's definition of child stunting being height-for-age z-score $\leq -2$. The traditional approach may lose power because it discards potentially useful information about the severity of aberration. We develop an adaptive approach that makes use of this information and asymptotically dominates the traditional approach. We develop our approach in two parts. First, we develop an aberrant rank approach in matched observational studies and prove a novel design sensitivity formula enabling its asymptotic comparison with the Mantel-Haenszel test under various settings. Second, we develop a new, general adaptive approach, the two-stage programming method, and use it to adaptively combine the aberrant rank test and the Mantel-Haenszel test. We apply our approach to a study of the effect of teenage pregnancy on stunting.
years
2026 2representative citing papers
Stochastic sensitivity analysis for matched studies finds worst-case conditional laws for hidden confounders instead of worst-case realizations, controlled by a sensitivity parameter that permits imperfect alignment with potential outcomes and yields higher robustness than conventional methods.
citing papers explorer
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Gaussian comparison above the median
A centered Gaussian with smaller covariance assigns at least as much probability as one with larger covariance to any closed convex set with reference probability at least 1/2.
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Stochastic Sensitivity Analysis for Matched Observational Studies
Stochastic sensitivity analysis for matched studies finds worst-case conditional laws for hidden confounders instead of worst-case realizations, controlled by a sensitivity parameter that permits imperfect alignment with potential outcomes and yields higher robustness than conventional methods.