In Maxwell theory, asymptotically charged edge modes (soft edges) pull asymptotic symmetries and soft data into finite subregions, giving finite-distance corner charges without an infinite-volume limit.
Gauge Is More Than Mathematical Redundancy
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abstract
Physical systems may couple to other systems through variables that are not gauge invariant. When we split a gauge system into two subsystems, the gauge-invariant variables of the two subsystems have less information than the gauge invariant variables of the original system; the missing information regards degrees of freedom that express relations between the subsystems. All this shows that gauge invariance is a formalization of the relational nature of physical degrees of freedom. The recent developments on boundary variables and boundary charges are clarified by this observation.
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Soft edges: the many links between soft and edge modes
In Maxwell theory, asymptotically charged edge modes (soft edges) pull asymptotic symmetries and soft data into finite subregions, giving finite-distance corner charges without an infinite-volume limit.