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Gauge Is More Than Mathematical Redundancy

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arxiv 2009.10362 v1 pith:27VWNJBX submitted 2020-09-22 hep-th physics.hist-ph

Carlo Rovelli This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-thphysics.hist-ph
keywords gaugevariablessubsystemsboundarydegreesfreedominformationinvariant
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Physical systems may couple to other systems through variables that are not gauge invariant. When we split a gauge system into two subsystems, the gauge-invariant variables of the two subsystems have less information than the gauge invariant variables of the original system; the missing information regards degrees of freedom that express relations between the subsystems. All this shows that gauge invariance is a formalization of the relational nature of physical degrees of freedom. The recent developments on boundary variables and boundary charges are clarified by this observation.

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  1. Soft edges: the many links between soft and edge modes

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    In Maxwell theory, asymptotically charged edge modes (soft edges) pull asymptotic symmetries and soft data into finite subregions, giving finite-distance corner charges without an infinite-volume limit.

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