Lyapunov exponents of soft SU(2) gluon modes give a thermalization time of about 0.5 fm/c at 600 MeV and a maximum of chaos at the deconfinement temperature.
Thermalization at RHIC
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abstract
Ideal hydroynamics provides an excellent description of all aspects of the single-particle spectra of all hadrons with transverse momenta below about 1.5-2 GeV/c at RHIC. This is shown to require rapid local thermalization at a time scale below 1 fm/c and at energy densities which exceed the critical value for color deconfinement by an order of magnitude. The only known thermalized state at such energy densities is the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The rapid thermalization indicates that the QGP is a strongly interacting liquid rather than the weakly interacting gas of quarks and gluons that was previously expected.
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Understanding thermalization in a non-Abelian gauge theory in terms of its soft modes
Lyapunov exponents of soft SU(2) gluon modes give a thermalization time of about 0.5 fm/c at 600 MeV and a maximum of chaos at the deconfinement temperature.