A 32-point QAM constellation and binary labeling, optimized for relative-intensity-noise-limited IM-DD channels, improve SNR by 0.94 dB over cross QAM-32 and push BER toward the Gray-label limit.
4-PAM for high-speed short-range optical communications
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A New 5 bit/2D-symbol Modulation Format for Relative Intensity Noise-dominated IM-DD Systems
A 32-point QAM constellation and binary labeling, optimized for relative-intensity-noise-limited IM-DD channels, improve SNR by 0.94 dB over cross QAM-32 and push BER toward the Gray-label limit.