LLM cascade systems are vulnerable to a new adversarial attack that simultaneously degrades accuracy and destroys the intended cost savings by targeting both the lightweight models and the escalation decision mechanism.
Improving large models with small models: Lower costs and better perfor- mance.Neural Networks, page 108276, 2025
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When Efficiency Backfires: Cascading LLMs Trigger Cascade Failure under Adversarial Attack
LLM cascade systems are vulnerable to a new adversarial attack that simultaneously degrades accuracy and destroys the intended cost savings by targeting both the lightweight models and the escalation decision mechanism.