The derivative of entanglement entropy with respect to subregion volume equals the thermal entropy density in the large-subregion limit, verified via lattice simulations of the finite-density O(4) model using dual worm algorithms.
Lattice field theories with a sign problem
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abstract
The sign problem obstructs the determination of the QCD phase diagram in the temperature-baryon chemical potential plane using lattice QCD. We review the sign problem in QCD and related field theories, including applications to real-time dynamics. We focus on approaches where the sign problem can potentially be solved or controlled, irrespective of its severeness. These include holomorphic extensions -- Lefschetz thimbles, holomorphic flow, contour deformations, and complex Langevin dynamics --, and the introduction of new degrees of freedom -- dual variables and the tensor renormalisation group. We also highlight directions in which machine learning approaches have shown promise. Since many methods are first tested in simpler models, we provide an outlook on their feasibility for lattice systems.
years
2026 2verdicts
ACCEPT 2representative citing papers
Fully convolutional diffusion models trained on small lattices transfer to unseen larger volumes for 2D/3D phi^4 sampling across phases, matching or beating same-size training on most observables.
citing papers explorer
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Determination of thermodynamics from entanglement entropy in the finite-density O(N) model
The derivative of entanglement entropy with respect to subregion volume equals the thermal entropy density in the large-subregion limit, verified via lattice simulations of the finite-density O(4) model using dual worm algorithms.
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Diffusion Models for Sampling Near Criticality in Lattice Field Theories
Fully convolutional diffusion models trained on small lattices transfer to unseen larger volumes for 2D/3D phi^4 sampling across phases, matching or beating same-size training on most observables.