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Orientifolds and the Refined Topological String

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abstract

We study refined topological string theory in the presence of orientifolds by counting second-quantized BPS states in M-theory. This leads us to propose a new integrality condition for both refined and unrefined topological strings when orientifolds are present. We define the SO(2N) refined Chern-Simons theory which computes refined open string amplitudes for branes wrapping Seifert three-manifolds. We use the SO(2N) refined Chern-Simons theory to compute new invariants of torus knots that generalize the Kauffman polynomials. At large N, the SO(2N) refined Chern-Simons theory on the three-sphere is dual to refined topological strings on an orientifold of the resolved conifold, generalizing the Gopakumar-Sinha-Vafa duality. Finally, we use the (2,0) theory to define and solve refined Chern-Simons theory for all ADE gauge groups.

fields

hep-th 1

years

2026 1

verdicts

ACCEPT 1

representative citing papers

Monodromy defects in Chern-Simons theory and Holography

hep-th · 2026-07-07 · accept · novelty 8.0

Monodromy defects in charge-conjugation-symmetric Chern-Simons theory are labeled by twisted affine representations, realize a Z2-crossed category, and are holographically dual to orientifolds of the resolved conifold plus branes.

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Showing 1 of 1 citing paper.

  • Monodromy defects in Chern-Simons theory and Holography hep-th · 2026-07-07 · accept · none · ref 81 · internal anchor

    Monodromy defects in charge-conjugation-symmetric Chern-Simons theory are labeled by twisted affine representations, realize a Z2-crossed category, and are holographically dual to orientifolds of the resolved conifold plus branes.