A covariant framework identifies redefinition-invariant ALP couplings to gluons and quarks and computes physical decay rates for mixed scenarios.
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The Low-Energy Effective Theory of Axions and ALPs
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abstract
Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated low-energy relics of high-energy extensions of the Standard Model, which interact with the known particles through higher-dimensional operators suppressed by the mass scale $\Lambda$ of the new-physics sector. Starting from the most general dimension-5 interactions, we discuss in detail the evolution of the ALP couplings from the new-physics scale to energies at and below the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking. We derive the relevant anomalous dimensions at two-loop order in gauge couplings and one-loop order in Yukawa interactions, carefully considering the treatment of a redundant operator involving an ALP coupling to the Higgs current. We account for one-loop (and partially two-loop) matching contributions at the weak scale, including in particular flavor-changing effects. The relations between different equivalent forms of the effective Lagrangian are discussed in detail. We also construct the effective chiral Lagrangian for an ALP interacting with photons and light pseudoscalar mesons, pointing out important differences with the corresponding Lagrangian for the QCD axion.
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A matching framework from arbitrary KSVZ UV completions to SMEFT and ALP EFT yields robust operator bounds from global fits that often dominate direct ALP searches except when mass mixing occurs.
A rescaled difference a_μ-e of lepton g-2 values cancels short-distance effects and cuts hadronic vacuum polarization uncertainty by ~85%, offering a cleaner probe for sub-GeV new physics.
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
A proposed LHC search using low-multiplicity jets plus a photon can extend sensitivity to GeV-scale particles that couple to light quarks.
A phenomenological 2-to-3 framework is constructed for exclusive boson electroproduction that matches flux-factorized predictions near Q^{2}=0 while capturing finite-Q^{2} effects at larger virtualities.
The EIC can probe invisible pseudoscalar meson decays down to branching ratios of 10^{-8} and invisibly decaying ALPs with couplings up to 10^5 GeV for masses 0.1-2 GeV.
The ratio of K_L to pi pi a versus K_L to pi0 a decay rates probes CP violation via flavor violation alone, with weak-interaction contributions emphasized as often neglected.
Realistic GRB parameters weaken previous ALP cooling bounds, but ALP-induced secondary fireballs in GRBs could still be probed via isotropic X-ray emission from future telescopes.
A proposed Chinese charm factory could detect heavy neutral leptons from axionlike-particle decays with a displaced-vertex search, reaching electron-neutrino mixing one to two orders of magnitude below current bounds.
QCD axions constrain F-theory base threefolds to have rigid or flux-rigidified divisors, yielding typical axion masses around 10^{-9} eV and decay constants near 10^{15} GeV in allowed regions.
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
Rare charm hadron decays offer clean null tests of the standard model that can reach branching ratios up to 10^{-3} for dark photons and 10^{-4} for ALPs in unconstrained parameter spaces.
Updated model-independent BBN and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs that incorporate rare decays to light hadrons, show extended constraints for multiple reheating temperatures, and flag parameter space that may alleviate tensions in N_eff and deuterium abundance.
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A covariant description of the interactions of axion-like particles and hadrons
A covariant framework identifies redefinition-invariant ALP couplings to gluons and quarks and computes physical decay rates for mixed scenarios.
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The KSVZ Atlas: A Unified SMEFT-ALP Framework
A matching framework from arbitrary KSVZ UV completions to SMEFT and ALP EFT yields robust operator bounds from global fits that often dominate direct ALP searches except when mass mixing occurs.
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Lepton $g-2$ non-universality of hadronic contributions and a sub-GeV window to New Physics
A rescaled difference a_μ-e of lepton g-2 values cancels short-distance effects and cuts hadronic vacuum polarization uncertainty by ~85%, offering a cleaner probe for sub-GeV new physics.
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Crossing into the $m_a > f_a$ Region for Leptophilic ALPs
Leptophilic ALPs with m_a > f_a can explain the electron anomalous magnetic moment tension over a large parameter space and are testable via μ→e conversion.
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Low-Multiplicity Jets as Probes of GeV-Scale Light-Quark-Coupled Particles
A proposed LHC search using low-multiplicity jets plus a photon can extend sensitivity to GeV-scale particles that couple to light quarks.
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On Exclusive Coherent Production of Bosons in Electron-Proton Collisions
A phenomenological 2-to-3 framework is constructed for exclusive boson electroproduction that matches flux-factorized predictions near Q^{2}=0 while capturing finite-Q^{2} effects at larger virtualities.
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Braking protons at the EIC: from invisible meson decay to new physics searches
The EIC can probe invisible pseudoscalar meson decays down to branching ratios of 10^{-8} and invisibly decaying ALPs with couplings up to 10^5 GeV for masses 0.1-2 GeV.
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Probing CP and flavor violation in neutral kaon decays with ALPs
The ratio of K_L to pi pi a versus K_L to pi0 a decay rates probes CP violation via flavor violation alone, with weak-interaction contributions emphasized as often neglected.
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Reappraisal of the Constraints on Heavy Axion-like Particles from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Realistic GRB parameters weaken previous ALP cooling bounds, but ALP-induced secondary fireballs in GRBs could still be probed via isotropic X-ray emission from future telescopes.
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Long-lived sterile neutrinos from axionlike particles at the Super Tau-Charm Facility
A proposed Chinese charm factory could detect heavy neutral leptons from axionlike-particle decays with a displaced-vertex search, reaching electron-neutrino mixing one to two orders of magnitude below current bounds.
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Constraining F-theory Model Building with QCD Axions
QCD axions constrain F-theory base threefolds to have rigid or flux-rigidified divisors, yielding typical axion masses around 10^{-9} eV and decay constants near 10^{15} GeV in allowed regions.
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Primordial Magnetogenesis and Gravitational Waves from ALP-assisted Phase Transition
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
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Probing invisible particles with charm
Rare charm hadron decays offer clean null tests of the standard model that can reach branching ratios up to 10^{-3} for dark photons and 10^{-4} for ALPs in unconstrained parameter spaces.
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Nucleosynthesis and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs: a fresh look
Updated model-independent BBN and CMB bounds on photophilic ALPs that incorporate rare decays to light hadrons, show extended constraints for multiple reheating temperatures, and flag parameter space that may alleviate tensions in N_eff and deuterium abundance.
- Axion-like particles and sterile neutrinos solve the $B\to K\nu\bar\nu$ and $B\to \pi K$ puzzles