Temperature requires continuous photon energy input averaging 2.701 times the characteristic energy E_c to offset radiative losses and sustain the Planck distribution.
Cohen-Tannoudji, B
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Temperature as a Dynamically Maintained Steady State: Photonic Mechanisms, Maintenance Cost, and the Limits of the Infinite-Reservoir Idealization
Temperature requires continuous photon energy input averaging 2.701 times the characteristic energy E_c to offset radiative losses and sustain the Planck distribution.