MOND strong-lensing masses in the Bullet Cluster’s three BCG cores lie between lower and upper IGIMF baryonic mass estimates from JWST photometry.
Resolving the virial discrepancy in clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics
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abstract
A sample of 197 X-ray emitting clusters of galaxies is considered in the context of Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). It is shown that the gas mass, extrapolated via an assumed $\beta$ model to a fixed radius of 3 Mpc, is correlated with the gas temperature as predicted by MOND ($M_g \propto T^2$). The observed temperatures are generally consistent with the inferred mass of hot gas; no substantial quantity of additional unseen matter is required in the context of MOND. However, modified dynamics cannot resolve the strong lensing discrepancy in those clusters where this phenomenon occurs. The prediction is that additional baryonic matter may be detected in the central regions of rich clusters.
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kSZ measurements constrain the gravitational acceleration between galaxy halos to follow g ∝ 1/r^{2.1±0.3}, consistent with Newtonian gravity in ΛCDM.
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Baryonic mass budgets in the central regions of the Bullet Cluster and their consistency with strong lensing in MOND
MOND strong-lensing masses in the Bullet Cluster’s three BCG cores lie between lower and upper IGIMF baryonic mass estimates from JWST photometry.
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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Test of the Gravitational Force Law on Cosmological Scales Using the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect
kSZ measurements constrain the gravitational acceleration between galaxy halos to follow g ∝ 1/r^{2.1±0.3}, consistent with Newtonian gravity in ΛCDM.