Using a light-front Hamiltonian with three-quark and three-quark-plus-gluon Fock sectors, the authors extract quark and gluon gravitational form factors and find a proton mass decomposition of 31.5% quark energy, 34.7% gluon field energy, 11.3% quark condensate, and 22.5% trace anomaly at 4 GeV^2.
Nucleon spin decomposition with one dynamical gluon
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abstract
We solve for the light-front wave functions of the nucleon from a light-front quantum chromodynamics (QCD) effective Hamiltonian with three-dimensional confinement. We obtain solutions using constituent three quarks combined with three quarks and one gluon Fock components. The resulting light-front wave functions provide a good quality description of the nucleon's quark distribution functions following QCD scale evolution. We present the effects from incorporating a dynamical gluon on the nucleon's gluon densities, helicity distribution and orbital angular momentum that constitutes the nucleon spin sum rule.
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Proton Gravitational Structure and Mass Decomposition on the Light Front
Using a light-front Hamiltonian with three-quark and three-quark-plus-gluon Fock sectors, the authors extract quark and gluon gravitational form factors and find a proton mass decomposition of 31.5% quark energy, 34.7% gluon field energy, 11.3% quark condensate, and 22.5% trace anomaly at 4 GeV^2.