Lumen modeling of IllustrisTNG50 shows that high ionization parameters from massive star clusters plus enhanced nitrogen abundances are needed to reproduce the extreme [OIII]/Hβ, [OIII]/[OII], and [NII]/Hα ratios seen in z>3 galaxies.
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New JWST spectrum of a z=8.3 galaxy with prior ALMA dust detection shows AGN signatures, 0.15 Zsun metallicity, Mdust ~10^6 Msun, Tdust~91 K, and an [OIII] line ratio higher than nebular models allow.
citing papers explorer
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Origins of Extreme Emission-Line Ratios in z > 3 Galaxies: Insights from the Lumen Model
Lumen modeling of IllustrisTNG50 shows that high ionization parameters from massive star clusters plus enhanced nitrogen abundances are needed to reproduce the extreme [OIII]/Hβ, [OIII]/[OII], and [NII]/Hα ratios seen in z>3 galaxies.
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DREAMS. JWST Spectroscopy of a $z=8.3$ Galaxy with an ALMA Dust Continuum Detection: Early Dust, Very High $T_{\rm dust}$, and a Multi-wavelength [OIII] Ratio Discrepancy
New JWST spectrum of a z=8.3 galaxy with prior ALMA dust detection shows AGN signatures, 0.15 Zsun metallicity, Mdust ~10^6 Msun, Tdust~91 K, and an [OIII] line ratio higher than nebular models allow.