GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
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Destabilizing the Fundamental Mode of Black Holes: The Elephant and the Flea
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abstract
Recent work applying the notion of pseudospectrum to gravitational physics showed that the quasinormal mode spectrum of black holes is unstable, with the possible exception of the longest-lived (fundamental) mode. The fundamental mode dominates the expected signal in gravitational wave astronomy, and there is no reason why it should have privileged status. We compute the quasinormal mode spectrum of two model problems where the Schwarzschild potential is perturbed by a small "bump" consisting of either a P\"oschl-Teller potential or a Gaussian, and we show that the fundamental mode is destabilized under generic perturbations. We present phase diagrams and study a simple double-barrier toy problem to clarify the conditions under which the spectral instability occurs.
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A four-parameter greybody factor model reproduces the frequency-domain ringdown amplitude of comparable-mass aligned-spin mergers with mismatches of order 10^{-5}, improving existing models by two orders of magnitude.
An exceptional-point framework for black-hole ringdown characterizes resonances near avoided crossings, demonstrates enhanced mode contributions in the time domain, and identifies the EP frequency as the physically relevant observable.
Localized ultraviolet perturbations to black hole effective potentials drive the fundamental quasinormal mode along spiral paths in the complex plane, with trajectories set by perturbation size, decay profile, and interplay between delta-function and jump-discontinuity types.
Thick braneworlds feature fragile quasinormal mode spectra due to a butterfly effect but maintain a resilient early ringdown, keeping the standard gravitational wave fingerprint usable.
Higher-curvature terms deform the near-horizon potential of spherically symmetric black holes, producing progressively larger shifts in overtone quasinormal frequencies that remain detectable in ringdown waveforms when the fundamental mode stays close to its GR value.
Excitation factors of long-lived quasinormal modes in horizonless compact objects scale with their small imaginary frequency, suppressing early contributions and producing a hierarchy where prompt ringdown uses ordinary modes and late echoes use cavity modes.
In asymmetric Damour-Solodukhin wormholes, reflectionless and echo modes share asymptotic spectral properties parallel to the real frequency axis with matching spacing, and reflectionless modes lie closer to the axis yielding larger echo amplitudes.
The graviscalar quasinormal mode spectrum and late-time power-law tails of a Rastall thick brane are computed numerically, showing that the Rastall parameter λ controls mode lifetimes and tail exponents.
Numerical ringdown waveforms for black holes in Dehnen dark matter profiles are generated and analyzed for detectability and parameter inference using second-generation TDI in space-based detectors such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
Analytic charged black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics with non-monotonic lapse functions support stable light rings and additional longer-lived quasinormal modes compared to Einstein gravity.
Simulation-based inference reliably extracts physical parameters from noisy spectra of analogue black holes.
In a thick braneworld model with f(T) = T + α T², the parameter α induces brane splitting and alters the decay rates of quasinormal modes, with two numerical methods agreeing on the low-overtone spectrum.
Exact time-domain Green function computed for the Pöschl-Teller approximation to black-hole perturbation potentials, revealing additional early-time exponentially growing modes and a light-cone plus historical waveform decomposition.
High-frequency quasi-reflectionless scattering modes in the greybody factors of ultracompact horizonless objects are responsible for echoes in the time-domain response.
In ghost-free two-scalar f(R) thick branes, internal structure produces no narrow real-axis tensor resonances; quasinormal modes are broad with quality factors 0.9-1.9.
citing papers explorer
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Novel ringdown tests of general relativity with black hole greybody factors
GreyRing model based on greybody factors reproduces numerical relativity ringdown signals with mismatches of order 10^{-6} and enables a new post-merger consistency test of general relativity applied to GW250114.
-
Modeling the frequency-domain ringdown amplitude of comparable-mass mergers with greybody factors
A four-parameter greybody factor model reproduces the frequency-domain ringdown amplitude of comparable-mass aligned-spin mergers with mismatches of order 10^{-5}, improving existing models by two orders of magnitude.
-
Exceptional Points and Resonance in Black Hole Ringdown
An exceptional-point framework for black-hole ringdown characterizes resonances near avoided crossings, demonstrates enhanced mode contributions in the time domain, and identifies the EP frequency as the physically relevant observable.
-
Sensitivity of black hole spectral instability to ultraviolet perturbations
Localized ultraviolet perturbations to black hole effective potentials drive the fundamental quasinormal mode along spiral paths in the complex plane, with trajectories set by perturbation size, decay profile, and interplay between delta-function and jump-discontinuity types.
-
Spectral Butterfly Effect and Resilient Ringdown in Thick Braneworlds
Thick braneworlds feature fragile quasinormal mode spectra due to a butterfly effect but maintain a resilient early ringdown, keeping the standard gravitational wave fingerprint usable.
-
Probing higher curvature gravity via ringdown with overtones
Higher-curvature terms deform the near-horizon potential of spherically symmetric black holes, producing progressively larger shifts in overtone quasinormal frequencies that remain detectable in ringdown waveforms when the fundamental mode stays close to its GR value.
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Excitation factors for horizonless compact objects: long-lived modes, echoes, and greybody factors
Excitation factors of long-lived quasinormal modes in horizonless compact objects scale with their small imaginary frequency, suppressing early contributions and producing a hierarchy where prompt ringdown uses ordinary modes and late echoes use cavity modes.
-
Reflectionless and echo modes in asymmetric Damour-Solodukhin wormholes
In asymmetric Damour-Solodukhin wormholes, reflectionless and echo modes share asymptotic spectral properties parallel to the real frequency axis with matching spacing, and reflectionless modes lie closer to the axis yielding larger echo amplitudes.
-
Quasinormal modes of scalar perturbations in Rastall thick brane
The graviscalar quasinormal mode spectrum and late-time power-law tails of a Rastall thick brane are computed numerically, showing that the Rastall parameter λ controls mode lifetimes and tail exponents.
-
Ringdown Signatures of Dehnen Dark Matter Halos: Fluid Modes and Detectability with Space-Based Detectors
Numerical ringdown waveforms for black holes in Dehnen dark matter profiles are generated and analyzed for detectability and parameter inference using second-generation TDI in space-based detectors such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
-
Properties of black holes in non-linear electrodynamics
Analytic charged black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics with non-monotonic lapse functions support stable light rings and additional longer-lived quasinormal modes compared to Einstein gravity.
-
Spectroscopy of analogue black holes using simulation-based inference
Simulation-based inference reliably extracts physical parameters from noisy spectra of analogue black holes.
-
Quasinormal modes of the thick braneworld in $f(T)$ gravity
In a thick braneworld model with f(T) = T + α T², the parameter α induces brane splitting and alters the decay rates of quasinormal modes, with two numerical methods agreeing on the low-overtone spectrum.
-
Green function of the P\"{o}schl-Teller potential
Exact time-domain Green function computed for the Pöschl-Teller approximation to black-hole perturbation potentials, revealing additional early-time exponentially growing modes and a light-cone plus historical waveform decomposition.
-
Greybody factors, reflectionless scattering modes, and echoes of ultracompact horizonless objects
High-frequency quasi-reflectionless scattering modes in the greybody factors of ultracompact horizonless objects are responsible for echoes in the time-domain response.
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Two-scalar-field $f(R)$ Thick Branes, Gravitational Resonances and Quasinormal Modes
In ghost-free two-scalar f(R) thick branes, internal structure produces no narrow real-axis tensor resonances; quasinormal modes are broad with quality factors 0.9-1.9.
- Parametric resonance amplification of gravitational waves in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity