N-body simulations show high-z proto-star clusters with multiple populations can survive strong early tidal fields and evolve into systems with properties matching Galactic globular clusters after 12 Gyr.
Metallicity-dependent intermediate mass black hole formation by runaway collisions in dense star clusters
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Analytic estimates using a validated Fokker-Planck and runaway-collision framework predict IMBH masses of 100-4000 solar masses in JWST-observed high-redshift clusters, with higher values in compact low-metallicity systems.
LILA can detect IMBH binaries at redshifts 20-30, IMRIs, and provide months-to-years early warnings with high-SNR events for gravity tests.
Super-Eddington accretion boosts predicted LISA detections of high-redshift black hole binaries to ~64 per year while dropping ET detections to ~4 per year, compared to ~32 and ~64 under Eddington-limited growth.
High-resolution simulations produce compact galaxies where gas inflows and dynamical processes accumulate enough mass in 10 Myr to form ~10^6 solar mass central black holes under 10% feedback efficiency.
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