Nucleated black holes in de Sitter space evaporate via standard Hawking radiation back to the empty vacuum, rendering nucleation a temporary fluctuation.
Vacuum polarization in the Schwarzschild spacetime and dimensional reduction
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abstract
A massless scalar field minimally coupled to gravity and propagating in the Schwarzschild spacetime is considered. After dimensional reduction under spherical symmetry the resulting 2D field theory is canonically quantized and the renormalized expectation values $< T_{a b} >$ of the relevant energy-momentum tensor operator are investigated. Asymptotic behaviours and analytical approximations are given for $< T_{a b} >$ in the Boulware, Unruh and Hartle-Hawking states. Special attention is devoted to the black-hole horizon region where the WKB approximation breaks down.
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Quantum corrections to Schwarzschild black hole evaporation produce a maximum temperature, radiation cessation, an extremal remnant, and logarithmic entropy correction.
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The Fate of Nucleated Black Holes in de Sitter Quantum Gravity
Nucleated black holes in de Sitter space evaporate via standard Hawking radiation back to the empty vacuum, rendering nucleation a temporary fluctuation.