For even convex polynomially bounded dispersion relations, an effective horizon controls the outgoing modes so that Bogoliubov coefficients agree with the tunneling result and the emission spectrum deviates from exact thermality in a controlled way.
Black-hole radiation in Bose-Einstein condensates
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abstract
We study the phonon fluxes emitted when the condensate velocity crosses the speed of sound, i.e., in backgrounds which are analogous to that of a black hole. We focus on elongated one dimensional condensates and on stationary flows. Our theoretical analysis and numerical results are based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation without further approximation. The spectral properties of the fluxes and of the long distance density-density correlations are obtained, both with and without an initial temperature. In realistic conditions, we show that the condensate temperature dominates the fluxes and thus hides the presence of the spontaneous emission (the Hawking effect). We also explain why the temperature amplifies the long distance correlations which are intrinsic to this effect. This confirms that the correlation pattern offers a neat signature of the Hawking effect. Optimal conditions for observing the pattern are discussed, as well as correlation patterns associated with scattering of classical waves. Flows associated with white holes are also considered.
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Simulations indicate that negative-curvature graphene membranes can form stable analogue horizons whose local density of states exhibits thermal character at a few tens of Kelvin.
Backreaction in a BEC analog black hole causes the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation to decrease for sufficiently low energy modes across a wide parameter range.
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Hawking radiation with dispersion: reconciling the Bogoliubov and tunneling approaches
For even convex polynomially bounded dispersion relations, an effective horizon controls the outgoing modes so that Bogoliubov coefficients agree with the tunneling result and the emission spectrum deviates from exact thermality in a controlled way.
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Exploring Event Horizons and Hawking Radiation through Deformed Graphene Membranes
Simulations indicate that negative-curvature graphene membranes can form stable analogue horizons whose local density of states exhibits thermal character at a few tens of Kelvin.
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Decrease of the entanglement entropy of the Hawking radiation induced by backreaction in the Bose-Einstein condensate
Backreaction in a BEC analog black hole causes the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation to decrease for sufficiently low energy modes across a wide parameter range.