Derivative couplings of a k-essence dark-energy scalar to a 2HDM+a pseudoscalar make the mediator’s invisible width and kinematics depend on the dark-energy sound speed c_s².
Measuring the Speed of Sound of Quintessence
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abstract
Quintessence, a time-varying energy component that may account for the accelerated expansion of the universe, can be characterized by its equation of state and sound speed. In this paper, we show that if the quintessence density is at least one percent of the critical density at the surface of last scattering the cosmic microwave background anisotropy can distinguish between models whose sound speed is near the speed of light versus near zero, which could be useful in distinguishing competing candidates for dark energy.
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Collider Probes of Dark Energy Microphysics
Derivative couplings of a k-essence dark-energy scalar to a 2HDM+a pseudoscalar make the mediator’s invisible width and kinematics depend on the dark-energy sound speed c_s².