The Lagrangians L1 = -mc sqrt(-g dot x dot x) - V and L2 = (1/2)m g dot x dot x - V are equivalent only for V=0 or electromagnetic V; otherwise L1 enforces mass shell while L2 does not, leading to chaotic vs integrable dynamics in toy models.
Carter, Global structure of the Kerr family of gravi- tational fields, Physical Review174, 1559 (1968)
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Discussion on the equivalence of two relativistic point-particle Lagrangians
The Lagrangians L1 = -mc sqrt(-g dot x dot x) - V and L2 = (1/2)m g dot x dot x - V are equivalent only for V=0 or electromagnetic V; otherwise L1 enforces mass shell while L2 does not, leading to chaotic vs integrable dynamics in toy models.